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Objectives
• Energy ANSC 100: Nutrients • Digestion • Feed identification (lab)
Dr. Tara L. Felix tfelix@illinois.edu 130 ASL
• Nutrients • Evaluating feeds/lab analysis • Feed calculations
Nutrients
• 6 major classes
1. Water (H2O) 2. Carbohydrates (CxH2xOx) 3. Proteins (CxHyOx + N) 4. Fats and oils (C6xH12xOx) 5. Minerals 6. Vitamins
Water
• “the most essential nutrient” • Plants: ___70-90_______% • Animal tissues: ____40-75____%
Sources of Water
• 3 from animal nutrition standpoint:
1. Drinking water 2. Water from feedstuffs 3. Metabolic water
O2+CH20-‐>
energy
and
H2O
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That depends…
• Factors affecting water needs
– – – – – Dry matter intake (DMI) Moisture of the feed Ambient temperature Stage of production Sodium intake
Example
• Dairy formula: Water needed = 4.2 + (0.19 x DMI) + (0.108 x lbs of milk) + (0.374 x oz of NaCl) + (0.06 x min. temp. F°)
Functions of water
1. Transporting nutrients 2. Maintenance of cell shape 3. Biochemical reactions (more examples later) 4. Regulation of body temperature 5. Lubrication 6. Aqueous environment for enzyme activity
Nutrients
• 6 major classes
1. Water (H2O) 2. Carbohydrates (CxH2xOx) 3. Proteins (CxHyOx + N) 4. Fats and oils (C6xH12xOx) 5. Minerals 6. Vitamins
Carbohydrates
• Chemical structure of carbs • C:H:O (1:2:1)
Carbohydrates
• Typically 70 – 75% of animal rations • Plant-based diets
– Sugars – Starch – Fiber – Pectin
• Example: glucose à C6H12O6
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Classifications of Carbs
• Monosaccharides
– Fructose, glucose, galactose
Plant cells
• Disaccharides
– Sucrose (glucose + fructose) – Lactose (glucose + galactose)
Glucose
Hemicellulose
Cell Wall
Lignin Cellulose
• Polysaccharides (oligo)
– Starch – Cellulose – Etc.
Sucrose
Uniqueness of Ruminants
• Digestion of cellulose • In the...