INTRODUCTION
Living cells of both plants and animals are enclosed by a semipermeable membrane called the cell membrane, which regulates the flow of liquids and of dissolved solids and gases into and out of the cell (Reece et al., 2013). Cells use the membrane to control the ins and outs of the molecules to keep healthy and function well at stable internal environment through the processes of diffusion and osmosis. The movement of substances across the plasma membrane is important to the survival of the cell. Certain substances must enter the cell to serve as raw materials and to provide an energy source. Likewise, waste products must move out of the cell. Diffusion is the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. It continues until the concentration of substances is uniform throughout. Osmosis is the diffusion of water from the kinetic motion of molecules through a selectively permeable membrane (a membrane that allows for diffusion of certain solutes and water) from a region of higher water potential (more water; lower solute concentration) to a region of lower water potential (less water; higher solute concentration) (Hammel, 1999). Diffusion and osmosis are critical to the functioning of living organisms. It is how we get Oxygen into our cells, maintain water balance and keep our bodies at a constant temperature. Cells react to the change in the environment of their interior or exterior. If a cell is in an environment that is hypertonic, the free water concentration is greater inside the cell while the solute concentration is higher outside. The net diffusion of water is out of the cell. In the case of a cell lacking a cell wall (animal cell), a hypertonic environment causes the cell to shrink. With a cell possessing a cell wall (plant cell), the cell contents shrink as the cytoplasmic membrane is pulled away from the cell wall. This is referred...