COVALENT BONDING
1. Definition: a chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons (with paired spins) between two or more non-metals atoms.
Covalent bonds are typically formed between two or more non-metals in molecules and giant covalent structures. The strength of the bond stems from the electron density located between the two nuclei.
2. LEWIS STRUCTURE
* A diagram of a molecule showing how the valence electrons are arranged among the atoms in the molecule and how the sharing of electrons occur in covalent bond formation.
* Electron pair-line/dot/cross
* Example
3. Formation:
* Share electons
* between non-metals of high electronegativities
* sharing of valence electrons
* One atom donate a pair of electrons to positively charged atom
= dative bond/coordinate bond/ donor-acceptor bond
4. Number of bond
* Single – a pair of electrons
* Double – 2 pairs example diagram
* Triple - 3 pairs
* Number of bond increases, bond length decreases, bond strength increases.
Number of bond , bond length , bond strength
Number of bond , bond length , bond strength
Triple
Triple
Double
Double
Single
Single
BONDING FORMATION
BONDING FORMATION
Dative bond
Dative bond
Donor-acceptor bond
Donor-acceptor bond
Coordinate bond
Coordinate bond
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons (with paired spins) between two or more non-metals atoms.
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons (with paired spins) between two or more non-metals atoms.
C C
C C
1 pair of shared electrons
1 pair of shared electrons
NUMBER OF BOND
NUMBER OF BOND
C C
C C
2 pair of shared electrons
2 pair of shared electrons
A pair of electrons can be represented by
A pair of electrons can be...