Introduction
The process of NMR is used in this experiment. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance or NMR is a form of spectroscopy that is used to analyze organic compounds. The method of NMR would be impossible without the property of nuclear spin, which is observed when the nuclei are in a magnetic field. Some nuclei that can exhibit nuclear spin are ¹H, ²H, ¬¹⁹F, ¹³C, ¹⁵N, and ³¹P. NMR is used to determine connectivity of atoms, examine intermolecular interactions, binding constants and diffusion constants. NMR works when B¬0 is applied to a compound, and the energy in the spins align and those aligned with the field will decrease and those aligned with B0 will increase. An NMR chemical shift is important because it is says that the location of the ppm of a peak is dependant on its environment. If there is high electron density then it will be shielded and therefore the ppm is low and it requires more energy to flip spins. While inversely, if there is low electron density then it will be deshielded and therefore have and high ppm and require less energy to flip spins. Then, there is spin-spin splitting which is analyzed between nearest neighbor atoms. “Nearest neighbors are elements that have nuclear spin and, in most cases, are no more than three bonds, or two atoms, away from the atom of interest”(Gilbert and Martin). First order splitting is between atoms that are three bonds away from each other; while second order splitting is between atoms that are four bonds away. Analyzing an H NMR Spectra requires knowledge of integration, which is the area of the peaks in a spectrum and measure the relative number of the hydrogens attached. Next the chemical shifts are measured, and finally analyzing the spin-spin splitting patterns of each group.
Procedure
For this experiment the knowledge from past experiments was used and made it a shorter and simpler experiment thanks to the help of our IR and NMR machines. First, each student was assigned an unknown...