GRADE 10 SCIENCE ALL YOU WILL EVER NEED TO KNOW
Science Study Sheet
ECOLOGY
Trophic Level- A feeding level in an ecosystem.
First Trophic Level/ producers (plants)/leaf
Second Trophic Level/ primary consumers (herbivores)/ caterpillar
Third Trophic Level/ secondary consumers (carnivores)/ small bird
Fourth Trophic Level/ Tertiary Consumers (top carnivores)/ hawk
A consumer known as a scavenger eats organisms that are already dead. Vultures, ravens, bald eagles, hyenas, and some ants and beetles are examples.
Detritivores eat small dead animals, dead plant matter, and animal dung. These species consist of crabs, earthworms, wood beetles, and carpenter ants.
Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, eat the rest of anything dead. They break down the cells and extract the remaining energy.
90% of energy is lost between trophic levels.
A pyramid of numbers is a pyramid with the trophic levels on it and has the population number of each species. Example, grass-1500000, mice-200000, snakes-90000, hawk-1
The Producers usually have highest numbers to support the higher trophic levels.
The Tertiary Consumers usually have the least amount of numbers.
A pyramid of biomass is the total dry mass of a given population of organisms arranged in a way to show the difference between each trophic level.
The Producers have the most biomass.
The Tertiary Consumers have the least biomass.
A pyramid of energy flow measures the total chemical energy that flows through each trophic level.
The energy is decreased by 90% every time it goes to a higher trophic level.
Population is a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area.
Inter-Specific competition is competition between species.
Intra-Specific competition is competition among members pf the same species.
Factors that increase in significance as a population grows are called density-dependant factors.
Factors that have nothing to do with population are...