SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE AND LATE CHILDHOOD
Chapter 10
THE SELF
I. The Development of Self-Understanding
* Describe themselves in terms of psychological traits and characteristics
* Recognize social aspects of the self
* Increases reference to social comparison
* Self-description increasingly involves psychological and social characteristics, including social comparison
II. Understanding Others
* Perspective Taking
- social cognitive process involved in assuming the perspective of others and understanding their thoughts and feelings
* Cognitive Inhibition: controlling one’s own thought to consider the perspective of others
* Cognitive Flexibility: seeing situations in different ways
III. Self-Esteem & Self-Concept
* Self-Esteem
- global evaluations of the self
- also called self-worth or self-image
* Self-Concept
- domain-specific evaluation of the self
IV. Self-Efficacy
* Self-efficacy is the belief that one can master a situation and produce favourable outcomes.
V. Self-Regulation
* Behaviourally, self-regulation is the ability to act in your long-term best interest, consistent with your deepest values.
* Emotionally, self-regulation is the ability to calm yourself down when you're upset and cheer yourself up when you're down.
* or SELF-CONTROL
VI. Industry vs. Inferiority
* Industry expresses a dominant theme of this period: Children become interested in how things are made and how they work.
* Inferiority happens when parents see the child’s effort as a “mischief” or “making a mess.”
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
I. Developmental Changes
* Improved emotional understanding
* Increased understanding that more than one emotion can be experienced in a particular emotion
* Increased tendency to be aware of the events leading to emotional reactions
* Ability to suppress or conceal negative emotional reactions
* The use of self-initiated...