Is Criminal Behavior Determined Biologically?
I Nature
A: Genetics
1. Twins
2. Adoption
3. Psychophysiology
B: Biological Factors
1. Autonomic System
C: Brain Imaging
1. Structural defects
a. Pre-frontal dysfunction
2. Functional defects
a. Cognitive ability and conscience
3. PET scan
II Nurture
A: Environment
1. Birth environment
2. Nutrition
3. Environmental pollutants
B: Family
1. Socioeconomic
a. Parenting style
b. Broken home
c. Poverty
d. Unemployment
C: Social Environment
1. Influence of peers
a. Guns
b. Drugs
2. Role of education
a. Early childhood intervention
a. Spirituality
III Summery
References:
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Barr, H.M., & Streissguth, A.P. (2001). Identifying maternal self-reported alcohol use
associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcoholism, Clinical and
Experimental Research, 25, 283-287.
Ellis, L., & Walsh, A. (1997). Gene-based evolutionary theories in criminology,
Criminology, 35(2).
Fishbein, D.H. (2001). Biobehavioural Perspectives in Criminology. Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
Hickey, Thomas J. (1996). Clashing Views in Crime and Criminology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Reiman, Jeffery. (1998). The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Wilson, Edmund O. (1975). Sociobiology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Denno, Deborah. (1989). Biology, Crime and Violence. Cambridge: University Press
Barlow, David H. & Durand, V. Mark. (2006). Essentials of abnormal psychology. California: Thomas Wadsworth.
Raine, A., Baker, L. & Liu, J. (2006). “Biological Risk Factors for Antisocial and Criminal Behavior.” In Raine, A. (ed.) Crime and Schizophrenia: Causes and Cures, pp. 83 – 107. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
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