Japan and China

Japan and China

  • Submitted By: yssun
  • Date Submitted: 03/14/2009 12:26 AM
  • Category: History Other
  • Words: 5713
  • Page: 23
  • Views: 1

1.Canton system:*Trading procedure: It forbade any direct trading between British merchants and Chinese civilians, and also limited the ports to which the British traders could bring in goods to china. The British merchants had to trade with the Chinese merchants known as hongs, designed specially to act as the middlemen between foreign merchants. Their presence was restricted to the Thirteen Factories on the harbor of canton, which later diversified to trade with other Europeans.*Reason: china would not recognize any other countries as equal to themselves. The British free traders were more eager to obtain their diplomatic and commercial equality with china. The problem of kowtow, different in legal concepts, the balance of track was always unfavorable to the British.*Attempts changes: in early 19th century, British traders began to chafe at these restrictions.The complains grew were numerous with abolition of the east India company monopoly in 1834 and the answering influx of private traders into china.
2. THE OPIUM WAR: lasted from 1839 to 1841 and 1856 to 1860, the climax of a trade dispute between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire. British smuggling of opium from British India into China in defiance of China's drug laws erupted into open warfare between Britain and China. ⑴the beginning and development: due to the Qing Dynasty’s trade restrictions, stading in goods from China was extremely lucrative for Europeans and Chinese merchants alike during the 19th century. The British discovered Opium; it was produced in India ans sold in china from 1781. Between 1821 and 1837 imports of the drug to china increased.⑵linzexu’s action and British reactions: 1.the Qing government attempted to end the opuim trade, Lin Zexu wrote a letter to the Queen of British in an unsuccessful attempt to stop the trade of the drug. 2. Lin Zexu eventually forces the British Chief Superintendent of Trade in china, Charles Elliott to hand over all remaining sricks of...

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