OGT REVIEW
I. Industrial Revolution
A. Causes of Industrial Revolution
1. Resources – Coal, Petroleum, Labor Force
2. Effects of Industrialization
a. Changes in work and the workplace – skilled vs. unskilled labor
b. Modernization of farming – steel plow, McCormick reaper, less labor in farming, more food, more efficiency
c. Immigration and child labor
d. Urbanization
e. Emergence of a middle class
f. Big Business
g. Labor unions
h. Reform Movements
B. Big Business
1. Laissez Faire Policies – hands off
2. Monopolies – Business without competition
3. Standard of Living – How well a person lives
4. Lobby – Any group that tries to influence the government
5. Sherman anti trust law – first anti-monopoly law
C. Urbanization – Growth of cities
1. Causes
a. Railroads
b. Cheaper Housing
c. Jobs – Factories
d. Immigration
e. African Americans moving north to escape discrimination
f. Water – power and transportation
2. Effects
a. Overcrowding
b. Disease
c. Fire
d. Crime
e. Poor housing
f. Suburbanization – Growth or areas around cities
D. Immigration – Need for labor
1. Old Immigration
a. Irish – Potato famine
b. Germans – War
c. Chinese – Labor
2. New Immigration
a. South and Eastern Europe
b. Jews escaping Pogroms – Organized Massacres
E. Emergence of a middle class
1. New jobs created a middle class who became largest consumer group
1. During the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century, farmers in the
United States worked to increase their land holdings and modernize their equipment. A lasting effect of these changes was
A. higher prices for crops.
B. increased rural population density.
C. a shortage of land for farming.
D. greater productivity of farming
12. The Industrial Revolution brought about major changes not only in cities, but in rural America as well. Before...