CLASSICAL AND MODERN LIBERALISM
Throughout history, various philosophers such as John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Thomas Jefferson, Jacques Rousseau and others have greatly acknowledged liberal theories and these assumptions are made to display the liberal organization of the society, which is good for individuals in considering their underlying nature and interests. By the nineteenth century, a distinguishing liberal political system of beliefs had evolved which included the integrity of laissez- faire capitalism and it criticized all types of economic and social intervention. This then turned into the main feature of classical liberalism. However, in the late twentieth century another type of liberalism emerged known as social liberalism that was mostly based on improving the well being of people and economic management, which transformed into the subject of modern liberalism later.
An English philosopher and also a politician known as John Locke founded classical liberalism, which is a political philosophy that supports human rights as prevailing in the state. He believed that the main function of the government is to defend natural rights such as life, liberty and property, but when the government fails this type of agreement its sanctions are no longer considered and this can lead into an uprising by people as they have as a right. Lockeian liberalism put into place the foundation of a limited government, representation and constitution, which greatly had an effect on the American Revolution. Classical liberals highlight that human beings are basically self-seeking and often self-supporting, he suggests that people should be in charge of their own lives and situations. Hence, these liberals tend to focus on the direction of developing a meritocratic society in which recompense is allocated to every individual’s talent and diligence. As an economic principle, classical liberalism praise enthusiastically the quality of a self-controlling market in...