Introduction:
Semiconductor
devices
have
undoubtedly
become
an
integral
part
towards
business
driven
towards
world
use
increased
efficiency
and
personal
benefit
in
the
computer
realm,
from
the
proliferant
use
of
personal
computers
for
entertainment,
internet
to
supercomputers
for
research
and
extensive
calculations.
As
the
growing
demand
for
media
rich
entertainment
and
processor
intensive
environments
continues,
there
is
a
requirement
for
increased
speed
from
the
individual
components.
Key
aspect
of
processor
speed
is
determined
by
the
number
of
components
and
transistors
present,
therefore,
without
increasing
the
size
of
the
computers,
need
to
have
smaller
and
smaller
features,
in
addition
to
more
efficient
heat
transfer
and
efficiency.
These
require
particular
materials
and
smaller
gate
lengths
as
it
controls
how
fast
processing
occurs.
Describe
Current
technology:
Optical
Lithography
Patterning
of
circuits
for
chips
involves
an
extensive
process
which
undergoes
a
number
of
iterations
for
various
layers
to
build
up
the
semiconductor
chip
structure.
Firstly
a
thin
film
oxide
layer
is
deposited
using
pulsed
laser
deposition
onto
the
silicon
substrate,
followed
by
a
...