1994 STANDARDS QUESTION #4 page 2 of 2
PAIR B. PROKARYOTES > EUKARYOTES (Maximum: 6 points)
I. Evolutionary Overview: Endosymbiotic &/or Autogenous Theory
(explanation of)
II. Evolutionary Relationships / Evidence:
A. ribosomes (in prokaryotes and in organelles)
B. nucleic acids (in prokaryotes and in organelles
C. other; see addenda
III. Evolutionary Adaptations* Functional Significance
1.) nuclear membrane 1.) Compartmentalization
2.) histones/nucleosomes 2.) Packaging of DNA
3.) cytoskeleton 3.) Movement/support/etc.
4.) membranous organelles 4.) Specialization
5.) multicellularity 5.) Complexity
6.) Spindle apparatus 6.) Necessary for sexual
7.) Membrane steroids reproduction (meiosis) 7.) Membrane stability
8.) Other; see addenda
1994 STANDARDS QUESTION #4 Addenda page #2
PAIR B: PROKARYOTES > EUKARYOTES
Part II. Evidence that supports Endosymbiotic Theory:
("organelles" denotes mitochondria &/or chloroplasts)
ribosomes are found in organelles/organelles contain own synthetic machinery
organelle ribosomes are of a prokaryotic type (30S, 50S, 70S polysomes)
antibiotic effects similar on prokaryotic and organelle ribosomes
r-RNA sequences similar in prokaryotes and organelles
DNA is found in organelles
DNA is circular; supercoiled; not associated with histones;
DNA not arranged in nucleosome packages
organelles = size of prokaryotic cells
organelles arise only from pre-existing organelles
organelle reproduction similar to binary fission
oxygenic photosynthesis present in certain prokaryotes
chlorophyll a present in certain prokaryotes
chlorphyll be (as well as chlorophyll a) present in certain prokaryotes
inner organelle membranes and prokaryotic cell...