/lPharmacology chapter’s36,37,32.31.35.38,8
Ch. 36Drug Therapy for NAUSEA & VOMITTING
Key Terms:
Introduction
Overview of Nausea & Vomiting
Physiology
Clinical Manifestation
Drug Therapy
PHENOTHIAZINES
Pharmokinetics
Action
Use
Adverse Effects
Contraindications
Nursing implications
Other drugs in the class
Antihistamines
Pharmokinetics
Action
Use
Adverse Effects
Contraindications
Nursing implication
Other drugs in the class
5-HYDROXYTRUPTMINE or Serotonin Receptor Antagonists
Pharmokinetics
Action
Use
Adverse Effects
Contraindications
Ch. 37 Drug therapy for CONSTIPATION & ELMINATION Problems
Introduction
* Constipation is a Symptom, not a disease.
* It is the infrequent and painful explusion of hard, dry stools.
Etiology
Clinical Manifestation
Lifestyle changes
Drug therapy
LAXATIVES
* Bulk forming laxatives are soluable fibers that are LARGELY unabsorbed by the intestine.
* When water is added these substances swell and become gel-like.
* Bulk forming laxatives are the most physiologic laxatives bc/ their effect is similar to that of increased intake of dietary fiber.
* Bulk forming laxative “Psyllium (Metemucil. Others)” is a prototype laxative.
Pharmacokinetics
* Usually acts within 12 to 24 hours
* May take as long as 2 to 3 days to exert its FULL effects.
* Excretion is in the stool.
Action
* Is essentially unabsorbed by the body.
* Work by mechanical action to absorb excess water while stimulating normal bowel elimination.
* The drug adds bulk and size to the fecal mass that stimulates peristalsis and defecation.
* My act by pulling water into the intestinal lumen.
Use
* Treatment of occasional constipation or bowel irregularity.
* Drug may also help LOWER cholesterol when combined with a DIET LOW IN CHOLESTEROL and SATURATED FAT.
* May also be useful in the treatment...