Science 10 Review
Bolded numbers are textbook reference pages.
CHEMISTRY:
• WHMIS – Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System; symbols used to identify dangerous materials (xiii, 8)
• Classifying Matter – matter is anything with mass and volume and could be either solid liquid or gas. Matter can be further divided into either a mixture or a pure substance. See page 10.
• Atomic Theories –Early Chemists devised theories about the structure of an “atom”.
o Dalton’s Atomic Theory (12):
All matter is made up of small particles called atoms
Atoms cannot be created, destroyed or divided into smaller parts
All atoms of the same element have the same mass but different elements have different masses
Put two elements together and you get a compound
Chemical reactions change the way atoms are grouped but atoms themselves do not change
Looks like a billiard ball (solid, uniform, sphere)
o J.J. Thomson (15):
Thought atoms might be made up of smaller particles
Proved that negatively charged electrons were part of an atom
Viewed atom as a “raisin bun”
o Rutherford (16):
Using alpha particle streams showed that positively charged protons and neutral neutrons existed within an atom’s nucleus.
A volume of empty space surrounded the nucleus
Atomic model looks like a “solar system”
o Bohr (19):
Thought electrons were associated with certain energy levels
Energy level Maximum # of electrons
1 2
2 8
3 8
• What element is the drawing of? ______Al
o Working Model of the Atom (22):
Subatomic
particle Charge Symbol
Proton 1 + p+
Neutron 0 n0
electron 1 - e-
• Nuclear Notation (22) using the periodic table -
o Atomic Number = number of protons
o Mass Number = number of protons + number of neutrons
o Number of neutrons = mass # - atomic #
How many neutrons in magnesium? ______12
• Periodic Table (25):
o Organizes elements to help us predict their properties
o Three major sections:
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