Today, in the United States there are numerous ethnic and racial group categories such as White, Hispanic, Islanders, African Americans, etc. All ethnic groups are very diverse and most of them migrated to the United States. The ethnic and racial groups that I am affiliated with are the White and African Americans. The African Americans make up approximately 15% of the United States population. This group was taken from various parts of the African continent and brought to the United States. They became enslaved in the United States but with the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Abraham Lincoln, African Americans officially gained freedom as a people in the year of 1863. African Americans have faced prejudice, segregation, and racism before, during, and after slavery. Upon their arrival onto the shores of the colonies now known to us as the United States, the African Americans were segregated from everyone and kept in holding cells and on plantations. Because they were viewed as sub-human beasts and savages of sorts, prejudice and racism was automatic. The dual labor market affected African Americans then and now. The jobs that are available for African Americans in the employment market are low-paying jobs with little to no opportunity for advancement. The African Americans often perform or are expected to perform unskilled labor jobs, now referred to as blue-collar jobs. African Americans have been plagued in the past and continue to be affected by environmental justice issues. Years ago, factories emitting toxic fumes and hazardous waste were positioned near large African American sections of major cities as well as small towns inhabited by mostly African Americans. Today, in areas of Louisiana along the Mississippi River known as “Cancer Alley”, petroleum and chemical manufacturing plants spew fumes and release carcinogenic chemicals near the water supplies of African Americans. This modern issue has caused controversy, but no...