ARISTOTLE: POLITICS
In order to discuss Conformity and Activism in terms of Democratic Citizenship as described by Aristotle, there is a need to identify the six kinds of social structures he distinguishes (Philosophy Pages “Aristotle: Politics and Art). Aristotle distinguishes three pairs: 1) a state with only one ruler is either a monarchy or a tyranny; 2) a state with several rulers is either an aristocracy or an oligarchy; and 3) a state in shich all rule is either a polity or a democracy (Philosophy Pages “Aristotle: Politics and Art). The first sort of state of each pair is one where the rulers are concerned with the good of the state and the second are those where the rulers serve their own private interests. This sets the stage for revolution because of the polarity of the states. Aristotle seems to indicate that people come in conflict over the issues of profit and honor. Aristotle says that those who have less get into conflict in order to be equal.; those who are equal get into conflict to become greater. They are further incited because of fear, contempt, and dissimilarity. He regards campaigning for office as a possible source of conflict (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy).
Aristotle also indicates that tension in any state is the struggle between rich and poor (Spark Notes). A strong middle class keeps a state in balance. Aristotle also indicates that democracy often turns to revolution due to the improper behavior of the leaders. A popular leader of a democracy can become a tyrant and people will band together to arise against the tyranny. Aristotle also indicates that it is beneficial if a group that does not have political power should be allowed to share in the power to the greatest possible extent (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Aristotle also indicates that the rise and fall of democracy is due to the leadership of the people, while at the same time, the people elect the leadership. There is a fine tension...