Future of Democracy in Pakistan
I. Quaid’s vision of Democracy
II. United Nations and democracy
· United Nations Democratic Fund
· UN charter endorses democracy
· Article 21 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights highlights democratic values
III. Democratic states-a universal standard form of human society
IV. Origin of democracy
V. Contribution of different cultures for evolution of democracy
VI. Varieties of democracy
VII. Islam and democracy
· Islamic form of government is close to democracy
· Islamic democracy slightly differs from western secular democracy
Main Body:
i. Political history of Pakistan:
· Assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan, 1951
· Martial law of Ayub Khan, 1958
· Transfer of power to General Yahya Khan, 1969
· Dismemberment of Pakistan, 1971
· Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as Civilian Martial law Administrator
· Martial law of General Zia UL Haq, 1977
· Restoration of so-called democracy, 1988
· Martial law of General Pervaiz Musharraf, 1999
· Restoration of democracy, 2008
ii. Causes of failure of democracy in Pakistan:
· The spirit of unity evaporated after emergence of Pakistan
· Egocentric politicians
· Military involvement in politics
· Dictators choose the worst lot of politicians every time
· Corruption
· Strengthening of bureaucracy
· Feudal cum politicians
· Leadership void
· Lack of education
· Lack of economic development
- Paul Collier-$2,700 per capita income as the threshold to democracy
· Mutual squabbling of politicians
· Personality-driven politics
· Weak independent institutions
· Constitutional crisis
· Concentration of power with the president
·...