Joseph O’Dell
World History
The First Civilizations
Section 1
1. Vocabulary
* Civilization – A complex culture in which large numbers of people share basic elements, such as a social structure, religion, and art.
* Code – the idea of divine kingship
* Focus – to concentrate attention or effort
* Patriarchal – dominated by men
* Pharaoh – great house or palace
* Judaism – monotheistic religion developed among the Israelites
* Monotheistic – having one god
* Covenant – a contract
* Prophets – religious teachers
* Caste System – a set of rigid categories in ancient India that determined a person’s occupation and economic potential as well a his or her position in society
* Network – a group of interconnected people who exchange services.
* Hinduism – A major Indian religious system, which had its origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryans who settled India after 1500B.C.
* Buddhism – A religious doctrine introduced in northern India in the sixth century B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha
* Core – a central an often foundational part of something larger
* Confucianism – the system of political and ethical ideas formulated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius toward the end of the Zhou dynasty
2. People
* Hammurabi – controlled much of Mesopotamia, had a well-disciplined army of foot soldiers, created The Code of Hammurabi
* King Solomon – best known for building the temple in Jerusalem, which Israelites viewed as the symbol for their religion and the kingdom itself
* Aryans – new people beginning around 1500B.C. they gained control of most of the subcontinent
* Siddhartha Gautama – born around 563B.C. best known as Buddha
* Confucius – A philosopher who lived in the sixth century B.C.
4. The Code of Hammurabi helped influence political thought by giving politicians ideas on how to punish people properly instead of the harsh way the code stated. It...