Of all the important fossil discoveries that were made over the years, one of the most important was there discovery made on the Southeast Asian Island of Flores in 2003.The fossils of the little humans called “Hobbits” have caused much controversy. This discovery was the topic of much debate amongst scientists. Some scientists argued that the “hobbit” fossils found were that of a different species of humans. Others said that they were fossils of early pygmies or a microcephalic human. In this essay, the facts about the “hobbits” fossils and origin will be discussed along with both explanations of the significance of the discovery. Homo floresiensis was the official name for a new possible species in the genus Homo. The first specimens were discovered by Thomas Sutikna and colleagues from the Indonesian Research Centre for Archaeology in Liang Bua cave of Flores, Indonesia in September of 2003 (www.newscientist.com). It’s most important and obvious identifying features were its small body and small brain. These “hobbits” have been established to have survived on Flores until at least 12,000 years ago. Research into the seven additional “hobbit” fossils show that they inhabited the cave at Liang Bua for a period of time ranging between 95,000 and 12,000 years ago. The original skeleton found was fairly complete with a near-complete skull and was proposed to be that of a 30-year-old female (LB1), nicknamed the “Little Lady of Flores”, that stood about 3 feet 3 inches. There were also many tools and animal bones scattered throughout the cave that were believed to prove that the “Hobbit” were successful hunters, and even capable of some type of speech. There is speculation amongst scientist that the stone tools found with it were actually made by other Homo sapiens, mainly because it is hard to believe a creature with such a small brain could use such sophisticated stone tools. Although some scientists still disagree, there is very little evidence that disprove the...