How to Create Acid

How to Create Acid

Acids and Bases
Chapter 9

Acids
Have a sour taste. Vinegar owes its taste to acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid. React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas. React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas

Bases
Have a bitter taste. Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases.

Arrhenius acid is a substance that produces H+ (H3O+) in water

Arrhenius base is a substance that produces OH- in water

A Brønsted acid is a proton donor A Brønsted base is a proton acceptor

base base

acid acid

acid conjugate acid

base conjugate base

Definition of An Acid
Arrhenius acid is a substance that produces H+ (H3O+) in water A Brønsted acid is a proton donor A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons A Lewis base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons •• + OH •• acid base H+ •• H H+ + acid •• N H •• H O H •• H

+ H N H H

H base

Lewis Acids and Bases
H + •• N H H N H H

F F B F acid

F F B F

H base

No protons donated or accepted!

Acid-Base Properties of Water
H2O (l) H+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

autoionization of water
H O H + H O H base H2O + H2O acid

[

+ + H H O H O

]

-

H conjugate acid H3O+ + OHconjugate base

The Ion Product of Water
H2O (l) H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) [H+][OH-] Kc = [H2O] [H2O] = constant

Kc[H2O] = Kw = [H+][OH-] The ion-product constant (Kw) is the product of the molar concentrations of H+ and OH- ions at a particular temperature. Solution Is neutral acidic basic

[H+] = [OH-] At 250C Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 [H+] > [OH-] [H+] < [OH-]

What is the concentration of OH- ions in a HCl solution whose hydrogen ion concentration is 1.3 M? Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 [H+] = 1.3 M

Kw 1 x 10-14 = = 7.7 x 10-15 M [OH-] = [H+] 1.3

pH – A Measure of Acidity
pH = -log [H+]

Solution Is neutral acidic basic

[H+] = [OH-] [H+] > [OH-] [H+] < [OH-]

At 250C [H+] = 1 x 10-7 [H+] > 1 x 10-7 [H+] < 1 x 10-7

pH = 7 pH...

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