Josh Baird
Dr. Slattery
Kin 426
Literature Review
The behavioral topic of “study habits” among students is widely researched and documented. As you will see, there are a few common ideas among these articles that explain how study habits and procrastination correlate with other emotional and sociological factors. Procrastination negatively affects study habits because it causes the student to wait until the last minute to do his/her work, which results in below-average work. Lay and Schouwenburg define procrastination as to put off acting on one’s intentions (Lay and Schouwenburg, 1994).
Low Self-Esteem
Study habits have shown to be negatively affected by low self esteem (Beswick, Mann, and Rothblum, 1988). This is the first theme you will see. Low self esteem causes individuals not to take work that represents their name seriously (Beswick, Mann, and Rothblum, 1988). Because of the low self-esteem, they don’t feel the need to protect their reputation. This leads to them not
being intrinsically motivated, which also negatively affects their study habits (Clarry, 1986).
Depression
Another factor that negatively affects study habits is depression (Beswick, Mann, and Rothblum, 1988). This depression can cause a lack of intrinsic motivation just as low self-esteem did. Again, this low self-esteem and depression cause lack of motivation, which causes procrastination and negatively affects study habits (Lay and Schouwenburg, 1994). Depression is the third highest cause of procrastination in a study conducted in 1995 (Johnson, Ferrari, and McCown, 1995).
Indecision
Indecisive personalities have also been linked to trait-procrastination (Lay and Schouwenburg, 1994). Oxford Dictionary defines indecisiveness as a state of hesitation. This state of hesitation causes students to avoid the work because they will not make a clear-cut decision to sit down and complete it (Johnson, Ferrari, and McCown, 1995).
These are just a few common factors that were...