After studying chapter 1, you should be able to:
1.
Define psychology and distinguish between the mind and behavior.
2.
Distinguish between nativism and philosophical empiricism and identify an ancient Greek philosopher associated with each philosophical view.
3.
Summarize the contributions of René Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, Franz Gall, and Paul Broca to the early development of the science of psychology.
4.
Explain how the study of physiology contributed to the development of psychology, noting especially the work of Helmholtz on reaction time.
5.
Define structuralism, describe how Wundt and Titchener used introspection to study consciousness, and identify the major weakness of this method.
6.
Define functionalism, and describe how James incorporated ideas from Darwin into this school of thought.
7.
Discuss the development of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and how it formed the basis for psychoanalysis.
8.
Contrast psychoanalytic theory with the humanistic psychology introduced by Maslow and Rogers.
9.
Describe the basic tenets of behaviorism, focusing on its insistence on studying objectively observable behavior.
10.
Describe Watson’s approach to behaviorism, noting how it built on the work of Pavlov.
11.
Describe Skinner’s approach to behaviorism, including the principle of reinforcement, and note its implications with respect to free will.
12.
Define Gestalt psychology and give an example of how research on illusions led to its development.
13.
Summarize the contributions of Hermann Ebbinghaus, Frederic Bartlett, Jean Piaget, and Kurt Lewin to the early development of cognitive psychology.
14.
Discuss the role that the advent of computers and advances in linguistics had on the development of cognitive psychology.
15.
Define behavioral neuroscience and cognitive neuroscience, and note some of the techniques these approaches use to studying the mind and behavior.
16.
Explain how Darwin’s ideas about evolution can be applied to...