management

management

The Change Process
• The Calm Waters Metaphor
– Lewin’s description of the change process as a break in the
organization’s equilibrium state.
• Unfreezing the status quo
• Changing to a new state
• Refreezing to make the change permanent

• White-Water Rapids Metaphor
– The lack of environmental stability and predictability
requires that managers and organizations continually
adapt (manage change actively) to survive.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
©2012 Pearson Education
Publishing as Prentice
Hall

Management, Eleventh Edition, Global Edition by Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter

6-1

Exhibit 6-1: External and Internal
Forces for Change

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
©2012 Pearson Education
Publishing as Prentice
Hall

Management, Eleventh Edition, Global Edition by Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter

6-2

Organizational Change and
Change Agents
• Organizational Change - any alterations in the
people, structure, or technology of an
organization.
• Change Agents - persons who act as catalysts
and assume the responsibility for managing
the change process.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
©2012 Pearson Education
Publishing as Prentice
Hall

Management, Eleventh Edition, Global Edition by Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter

6-3

Types of Change Agents
• Managers: internal
entrepreneurs
• Nonmanagers: change
specialists
• Outside consultants:
change implementation
experts

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
©2012 Pearson Education
Publishing as Prentice Hall

Management, Eleventh Edition, Global Edition by Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter

6-4

Exhibit 6-2: The Three-Step Change Process

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
©2012 Pearson Education
Publishing as Prentice
Hall

Management, Eleventh Edition, Global Edition by Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter

6-5

Types of Change
• Structure
– Changing an organization’s structural components...

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