All living things are categorized into two groups: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The distinction between these two types of organisms is determined by the structure and function of their cells (www. animals.about.com). Prokaryotes, the first living organisms on earth, possess only one type of membrane known as the plasma membrane. No other membranes are present within the cell. Prokaryotic cells contain only ribosomes and a nucleoid, or highly folded chromosomes. Both lack membranes and exist freely within the cytoplasm (www. tami-port.suite101.com). These organisms are classified further into two domains: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria (www. bacteriamuseum.org). Examples of prokaryotes include several types of bacteria such as: Clostridium tetani, Thermus aquaticus, Bacillus antracis, etc. (Sandhyarani).
The other major category of living organisms is the Eukaryotes. They are mostly multicellular organisms, unlike prokaryotes, which are mostly unicellular. One difference in cell structure of eukaryotes is the presence of membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus. This is where genetic material is stored and organized (www.animals.about.com). Several other organelles exist within a eukaryotic cell, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, etc. Like prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are divided into categories, including: protists, plants, fungi, and animals (www. tami-port.suite101.com).
Studies can be performed in order to observe the differences amongst eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Microscopes, for example, can be used to identify the structures of these cells which can be seen on experimental slides. Specifically, one can study these organisms through the use of a cotton swab. By scraping it against the inside of one’s cheek, one can accumulate several different types of cells. After doing so, one should brush the swab onto a glass side where these cells can be observed under a microscope....