INDEX
Introduction
What is Motivation
Early Theories of Motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Three-Needs Theory
Goal-Setting and Reinforcement Theory
Designing Motivating Jobs
Equity Theory
Expectancy Theory
Current Issues in Motivation
Cross-Cultural Challenges
Motivating Unique Groups of Workers
Designing Appropriate Rewards Programs
Reference
Introduction
When you think about it, the success of any facet of your business can almost always be traced back to motivated employees. From productivity and profitability to recruiting and retention, hardworking and happy employees lead to triumph. Unfortunately, motivating people is far from an exact science. There's no secret formula, no set calculation, no work sheet to fill out. In fact, motivation can be as individual as the employees who work for you. One employee may be motivated only by money. Another may appreciate personal recognition for a job well done. Still another may work harder if she has equity in the business. But you can boil down employee motivation to one basic ideal -- finding out what your employees want and finding a way to give it to them or to enable them to earn it. Here we've gathered are the motivational techniques and theories.
What is Motivation?
Motivation is the intention of achieving a goal, an ability to change behavior, that inner directing drive, leading to goal-directed behavior towards the attaining goal. Motivation is intrinsic (internal); it comes from within based on personal interests, desires, and need for fulfillment. However, extrinsic (external) factors such as rewards, praise, and promotions also influence motivation. As defined by Daft (1997), motivation refers to "the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action". People who are...