Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Tanker's feminization:
1.Tanker's Construction
2. Fire precaution
3.Operations:
3.1.Loading
3.2.During the voyage
3.3.Discharging
3.4.Ballasting
3.5.Tank cleaning
3.5.1.Crude Oil Washing
3.5.1.1.Advantage
3.5.1.2.Disadvantage
3.6.innert gas system
III. Conclusion
I. Introduction
Black gold (Oil and oil products) had became the main source of power and therefore the wide market of it in need of safe, protected, and supervising transportation for this products because of the great harm that it may rise to the marine environment and the safe of those who works on board Tankers. Such requirements had regulated by the IMDG code and the MARPOL convention. Our consider is to be full knowledge of the proper way to operate and guarantee the safety of the life and the cargo on board tankers whither it was at sea or at terminal.
II. Tanker's feminization
1. Tanker's construction
After the disaster of "Torry Canyon" in 1967 at the English channel, MARPOL insist that all the new ships which will build after the convention entry into force must be as a double hall and ballast tanks must be exist, so it may as much as possible limit the spilled of oil that it may happened from an accident. The high rate of loading and discharging in tankers require a proper capacity of pumps, fitted size of pipelines, steam heating coils. Safety measurement must be taken into account, for that cargo spaces divided into three sections by two longitudinal bulkheads. Fire instillations must be fitted on cargo holds and on open deck. Pumps rooms are generally located in the aft part of the tanker so it will be easily supplied by power and for the quick operate of it. There are three types of pipelines system: direct system,...