Describe the difference between the alkanols and alkanoic acid functional groups in carbon compounds
The alcohol function group –OH in alkanols provides their characteristic properties, such as high melting points and boiling points.
The carboxylic acid functional group –COOH in alkanoic acids can lose a hydrogen ion and behave as a weak acid
Identify the IUPAC nomenclature for describing the esters produced by reactions of straight-chained alkanoic acids from C1 to C8 and straight-chained primary alkanols from C1 to C8
Nomenclature of alkanols CnH2n+1OH
1. Count the number of carbon atoms in the chain
2. Select the stem that corresponds to an alkane with that many carbons
3. Delete the ‘e’ and add the suffix ‘ol’
4. Assign a locate to the carbon to which the alcohol function group is attached
5. Name the alkanols using the preferred IUPAC nomenclature
Nomenclature of alkanoic (carboxylic) acids CnH2n+1COOH
1. Count the number of carbons in the chain (including the carbon on the carboxylic acid group)
2. Select the stem that corresponds to the alkane with that many carbons
3. Delete the ‘e’ and add the suffix ‘oic acid’
(methanoic acid is called formic acid and ethanoic acid is called acetic acid)
Nomenclature of esters
1. Identify the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group derived from the original alkanols (this is the hydrocarbon that is attached to the single bonded oxygen atom of the ester linkage)
2. Name the alkyl group
3. Identify the number of carbon atoms in the alkanoate chain derived form the original alkanoic acid. This is the chain that includes the carbon attached to the double bonded oxygen atom (or carbonyl oxygen)
4. Name the alkanoate group
5. Name the ester
Esters are named as if the alkyl chain from the alcohol is a substituent. No number is assigned to this alkyl chain. This is followed by the name of the parent chain form the carboxylic acid part of the ester with an –e remove and replaced with...