Anthracene
Benzoic Acid
Phthalic Acid
Resorcinol
Sodium Napthionate
cold
hot
crystal
cold
hot
crystal
cold
hot
crystal
cold
hot
crystal
cold
hot
crystal
Ethanol
-
+
+ snowflake like, white
+ white needles, formed at room temperature
- small,prism like
Water
- white powder
+ white needle like
- snowflake,
white
+
+
Ligroin
- White, powder
+ transparent
needles
- snowflake
white
+ white needles at
rtp
no data
Toluene
Partial partial clear needles
+
- white,flat
+ white, flat
+ pink, flat
Experiment One : Solubility Tests and Recrystallization
Table1: Solubility Table
Table 2: Experimental IR peaks compared to literature IR peaks for Salicylic Acid
Functional Group
Experimental Peak(cm-1)
Literature Peak (cm-1)
O-H
3200-3500
3200-3450
O-H in RCOOH
3236-2600
2594.3-2725.3
C=O of RCOOH
1655.8
1659.71
C=C (Aromatic)
1612.9;1484
1578-1613
Percentage Yield Calculation:
Moles of Product(actual): 0.5217g/138.121g/mol=3.777x10^-3
Moles of Product(theoretical) : 1g/138.121 =7.24x10^-3
Percentage Yield: 3.777x10^-3/7.24x10^-3 x100 =52.17%
Discussion:
For part one of the experiment, the theory that like dissolves like was reinstated as we saw polar solvents like water and ethanol dissolved sodium napthionate and resorcinol which were polar compounds. Resorcinol had 2 OH groups that made it polar and sodium napthionate had positive and negative charges in solution as well. Anthracene which is completely non polar did not dissolve at all in water or ethanol even when heated to boiling. It only partially dissolved in Toluene which because of it’s benzene ring and was able to recrystallize at room temperature to form clear needles.
For part 2, Salicylic acid when dissolved in 25ml of water showed a pale yellow colour in solution with some red particles that would be impurities. When about 70ml of hot water was added, the salicylic acid just...