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hi people

CHAPTER

6

CHAPTER

6

Study Guide

Study Guide

Key Concepts

Study Tip

6.1 Organizing the Elements
• Chemists used the properties of elements
to sort them into groups.
• Mendeleev arranged the elements in
his periodic table in order of increasing
atomic mass.
• In the modern periodic table, elements
are arranged in order of increasing atomic
number. The elements within a group in the
table have similar properties.
• Three classes of elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Rewrite Class Notes Remind students
to take notes during class of the key
points that are discussed, and to
rewrite the notes so that they are organized and legible. Students can use the
textbook to fill in any important points
that they missed. They can use the
organized notes to review for quizzes
and tests.

6.3 Periodic Trends
• In general, atomic size increases from top to
bottom within a group and decreases from
left to right across a period.
• Positive and negative ions form when
electrons are transferred between atoms.
• First ionization energy tends to decrease
from top to bottom within a group and
increase from left to right across a period.
• Cations are always smaller than the atoms
from which they form. Anions are always
larger than the atoms from which they form.
• In general, electronegativity values decrease
from top to bottom within a group. For
representative elements, the values tend to
increase from left to right across a period.
• Trends in atomic size, ionization energy,
ionic size, and electronegativity can be
explained by variations in atomic structure.
The increase in nuclear charge within groups
and across periods explains many trends.
Within groups an increase in shielding has a
significant effect.

6.2 Classifying the Elements
• The periodic table displays the symbols and
names of elements, along with information
on the structure of their atoms.
• Elements can be sorted into noble gases,...

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