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LECTURE PRESENTATIONS
For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION
Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson

Chapter 1

Introduction: Themes in the 
Study of Life 

Lectures by
Erin Barley
Kathleen Fitzpatrick
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Overview: Inquiring About Life
• An organism’s adaptations to its environment are
the result of evolution
– For example, the ghost plant is adapted to
conserving water; this helps it to survive in the
crevices of rock walls

• Evolution is the process of change that has
transformed life on Earth

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 1.2

• Biology is the scientific study of life
• Biologists ask questions such as
– How does a single cell develop into an organism?
– How does the human mind work?
– How do living things interact in communities?

• Life defies a simple, one-sentence definition
• Life is recognized by what living things do

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 1.3

Order

Response to
the environment

Evolutionary adaptation

Reproduction

Regulation

Energy processing
Growth and
development

Theme: New Properties Emerge at Each
Level in the Biological Hierarchy
• Life can be studied at different levels, from
molecules to the entire living planet
• The study of life can be divided into different
levels of biological organization

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 1.4

The biosphere
Tissues
Ecosystems
Organs and
organ systems

Communities
Organelles
Organisms

Populations

Cells

Atoms
Molecules

Emergent Properties
• Emergent properties result from the arrangement
and interaction of parts within a system
• Emergent properties characterize nonbiological
entities as well
– For example, a functioning bicycle emerges only
when all of the necessary parts connect in the
correct way

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Power and Limitations of Reductionism
•...