**Assault**
S.39 Criminal Justice Act
Assault
Actus Reus : To cause the victim fear of immediate unlawful force.
Mens Rea : To commit the assault either intentionally (R v Woollin) or subjective recklessness (R v Cunningham).
Examples of Assault : Silent phone calls, Stalking, Shouting.
Charging Standards : -
Case Examples :
R v Ireland
Smith v Chief Constable Woking
**Battery**
s.39 Criminal Justice Act
Battery
Actus Reus : Application of unlawful force.
Mens Rea : To commit the battery either intentionally (R v Woollin) or subjective recklessly.
Examples of Battery : Touching, Punching. Indirect/ Direct.
Charging Standards : Graze, Scratch, Abrasion, Red skin, Bruise, Black eye, Superficial cuts.
Case Examples :
DPP v K
R v Fagan
R v Haystead
**ABH**
Section 39 of Offences Against the Person Act.
Actual Bodily Harm
Actus Reus (Guilty Action) : To cause an Assault or Battery occasioning in Actual Bodily Harm.
Mens Rea (Guilty Thought-Mental Element) : Intentionally or subjective recklessly to cause assault or battery.
Examples of ABH : Pushing victim over –the result is they fracture their arm.
Charging Standards : Broken tooth/ nose, Fractures, Cuts needing stitches, Multiple bruising, Psychiatric harm.
Case Examples :
R v Roberts
R v Savage & Parmenter
**Wounding**
s. 20 & s.18 of Offences Against the Person Act.
Wounding
Actus Reus : To cause a cut in 2 layers of skin.
Mens Rea : s.20 - To cause some harm. s.18 - To cause serious harm.
Examples of Wounding : Cut in 2 layers of skin/ cut tongue out.
Charging Standards : To cut in 2 layers of skin.
Case Examples :
JCC v Eisenhower
**GBH**
s.20 & s.18 of Offences Against the Person Act
Grievous Bodily Harm
Actus Reus : s.20 - To commit some harm, s.18 - To commit serious harm .
Mens Rea : s.20 - Intentionally or subjective recklessly to cause some harm. s.18 - Intentionally or subjective...