Principles of Management

Principles of Management

Reconstruction on Texas left them in turmoil for almost a decade. Texans tried to solve political, social, and economic problems that occurred due to the war. Since slavery came to an end it changed the labor system and the relationships between whites and blacks. It would cause them economic and social problems because they no longer had the power to control the system. The reconstruction left two questions unresolved: How and on whose terms would the defeated states of the Confederacy be returned to full membership in the union and what would be the place of freedmen in the southern society. Slaves were free and given the advice to stay where they were and work for wages. Most freedmen wanted to live in peace, support their families, and educate their children. Once a state was readmitted to the union, Lincoln would insist on abolition. A.J. Hamilton was appointed provisional governor of Texas and his primary duty was to direct restoration of state government to enable readmission to the union. In 1865 the Freedman’s Bureau came to Texas to help blacks adjust to freedom and this upset many whites. Conservatives won the election of 1866 and they appealed to ex-secessionists. The constitution of 1866 did declare secession null and void but only promised basic rights to blacks. President Johnson accepted the 1866 constitution and appointed ex-secessionist US Senators. Most Texans refused to ratify the 13th and 14th amendments and passed black codes to return freedmen legally and socially as close to 1861 as possible. They used intimidation and terror tactics to suppress freedmen and unionist. Black laborers and landowners were cheated and forced from their land. When the Freedman’s Bureau would try to intervene they were met with violent oppositions. Texas was not really “reconstructed” and neither was most of the south. Republicans took control of the reconstruction and refused to recognize congressmen or senators from the states “reconstructed” by Johnson....

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