CHECKPOINT Unit 4.1 Q1. Genetics- The inheritance of traits Mendel is the father of genetics because he was the most successful at the study of genetics. Q2. Mendel examined seeds that were round or wrinkled, seeds that were yellow or green, pods that were smooth or constricted, pods that were green or yellow and stems that were long or short. Q3. True-breeding plants are those that consistently produce offspring the same as the parents for a particular trait. Q4. The F1 generation were the offspring which were like the parents. The F2 generation are the offsprings that showed both traits of the parent. Q5. Dominant trait- this is the trait that appeared in the first generation (F1) Recessive trait- this is the train that was masked in the F1 generation and repapered in the second Q6. Mendel concluded that pea plants possess two hereditary factors for each characteristic. Q7. A gene is a hereditary unit that controls a particular characteristic. Q8. Genes are made from deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA Q9. Genes are located on structures called Chromosomes. Q10. A) B) Q11. Homologous- having the same alleles or genes in the same order of arrangement Q12. Most cells in your body contain two of each type of chromosome, they are refered to as diploid cells. Q13. Mitosis is an organised series of steps that ensure that each daughter cell is an exact copy of the parent cell. Meiosis is a different type of cell division. CHECKPOINT UNIT 4.3 Q1. Sugar, phosphate and nitrogen Q2. A- adenine T- thymine C-cytosine G-Guanine Q3. Complementary bases are paired. Example A with T and C with G Q4. Each DNA is different because each has a code unique to others. Q5. Replication- Copied exactly Q6. Once a section is copied, one old and one new strand are zipped together Q7. Q8. A protein differs by the base code Q9. Codon- 3 codes on a DNA base Q10. Q11. Gene expression refers to the appearance in the organism of the characteristic...