Table of Content:
1-The Scientific Management: 3
2-The General Administrative Theory 5
3- The Quantitative Approach 7
4- The Organizational Behaviour 8
5- The Systems Approach: 9
6- The Contingency Approach 10
The history of management has involved a series of trends. List 6 of them and include, in detail, what each trend was about. Also include the key people identified with each one and list the contribution of each.
1-The Scientific Management:
This Trend was found by Frederick Winslow in 1911 when he published the book “The Principles of Scientific Management”, and it described the theory of scientific management to define the “one best way” for a job to be done (Robbins et al. 2009)
* The Scientific Management Contribute and the Key people for this Trend:
A- Fredrick W. Taylor:
He did most of his work at the Midvale and Bethlehem Steel Companies in Pennsylvania. He was shocked at how employees performed. He saw that they used a variety of different techniques to do the same job and were inclined to “take it easy” on the job. He believed that employee output was only about one third of what was possible.
There were no standards that existed at that time, employees were placed in places that they don't have the ability to do it perfectly. Taylor set out to correct the situation by applying his method to shop-floor jobs and he spent more than 50 years to achieve the "one best way" for each job to be done (Robbins et al. 2009)
B- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth:
Frank was a construction contractor by trade, he gave up his career to study the Scientific management after hearing Taylor speak at a professional meeting. Frank and his wife Lillian, a psychologist, studied work to eliminate wasteful hand and body motions. Frank is known for his experiments in bricklaying. By carefully analyzing the bricklayer's job, he reduced the number of motions in laying exterior bricks from 18 to about 5, and on laying interior...