University of Phoenix Material
Motivation Concepts Table
Use the following table to complete the Motivation Concept Table assignment for Week One. You are encouraged to modify table formatting to suit your needs. Please consult with course instructor for additional assignment specifications. The completed table will serve as a resource for the remainder of the course.
Theory Name
Major Theorist(s)
Time Period Created
Key Theory Concepts
Descartes
1637
Will motivates all actions. Will initiates and directs action.
Will
Ruckmick
1936
Striving to create impulses to act. The ability to resist self-denial or resisting temptation.
Rand
1964
Decides whether or not to act.
Instinct
Darwin
1859-1872
Behavior is unlearned, automated and mechanistic. Biological urges impulses and appetites.
Woodworth
1918
The function of behavior was to serve bodily needs.
Drive
Freud
1915
All behavior was motivated to serve the satisfaction of needs.
Hull
1943, 1952
Drive is a physiological basis and bodily need is the ultimate basis of motivation and could be predicted before it occurred.
Sheffield and Roby
1950
Learning can occur when there is no equivalent experience of drive decline.
Harlow
1953
Learning occurs when there is a drive reductions and well as an increase in drive.
Decline of Drive Theory
Klien
1954
Motivation can result from something other than bodily disturbances.
Bolles
1972
A decrease in drive is not necessary for learning to occur.
Bolles
1975
Had the dominant perspective on motivation.
Berlyne
1967
Optimal level of arousal.
Hebb
1955
Post-Drive Theory Years
Olds
1969
Pleasure centers in the brain.
Miller
1948, 1959
Approach and avoidance conflicts, conditioned motives.
Murray
1938
Universal needs.
Rogers
1959
Self-actualization.
Motivation Mini-Theory...