Australopithecus=the 1st hominine,includes 2 robust species & 1 or 2 smaller species. Physical appearance=bipedal, full erect posture, curved spine; foramen magnum below skull; brow ridges, upper arms not as long as apes & not used for locomotion; relatively small teeth & jaws, canines don’t project , sexual dimorphism, brain capacity:450cc distribution: s.africa & e.africa age:found in Ethiopia 4.4mya Gracile australopethicus:small, lightly built frames, enlarged cheek teeth, ape-like from waist up, human-like from waist down. 3gracile australopithecines:(A. anamensis) -4.2to3.9mya, Kenya, partial leg bone has evidence of bipedalism (A. afarensis)-3.9to3.0mya Ethiopia and Tanzania, Lucy-discovered by don johanson, laetoli & afar depression (A.africanus)-s. Africa-taung baby (1925, ray dart) 3-2mya robust australopithecines:rugged jaws, flatter faces, enormous molars compared to other australopithecines, males have sagittal crest 2 robust australopithecies: (A. boisei)-east Africa,2.3-1.4mya, mary leakey discovered in 59’(A.robustus)-2mya-1mya, s.africa Recent hominid finds:ardipithecus ramidus kadabba-middle awash, Ethiopia, almost certainly bipedal,found big toe, dentition more ape-like ardipithecus ramidus ramidus “ardi”-middle awash, Ethiopia, tim white,found 125 bones kenyanthropus platyops-kenya-lake turkana district, flat face, small teeth, prominent sagittal crest, 3.5mya,contemporary of ‘lucy’Homo habilis=”handy man” –similar to australopithecine species from neck down, above next, more ape-like:reduction in size of teeth & jaw, expanded cranial capacity-750cc,left cerebral hemisphere associated w/speech. Distribution:found in s.africa & e.africa, 1st specimen uncovered by leakeys @ olduvai gorge, Tanzania. Homo habilis lived from 2.4-1.8myHomo erectus=”pithecanthropus”-physical appearance-bipedal, full erect posture, curved spine,4.5-5ft tall,sloping forehead, receding chin,teeth still slightly larger than modern human, skull shape is pentagonal, with...