CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study THEORETICAL/ CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK `The concept of this research is concentrated onthe values manifested in theselected conversation of the major characters on the novel “Les Miserables”.Values are the internalized, unique standards of an individual. They start off as being desirable because the individual knows and feels that they are right and proper to want for him self and for others and they also promise enjoyment or satisfaction in their attainment. Values are seen as growing from a person’s experiences.` Reader – Responsetheory SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH `Thecritics examine literature in its cultural, economic, and political context; they explore the relation between the artist and the society. Sociological approach is criticism directed to understanding (or placing) literature in its larger social context; it codifies the literary strategies that are employed to represent social constructs through a sociological methodology.` Moral / Philosophical Approach `This approach isconcerned with both content and values, considers literature a traditional mode of imparting morality, philosophy, and religion.This approach helps the researchers seeks to discover meaning and to determine whether works of literature are true and significant. Itdetermines whether a work conveys a lesson or a message.` ` In the paradigm of the study, there are three boxes(Figure 1). The first boxdiscussed thoroughly the conversationofthe characters in Les Miserabletreated as input. To be able to come up with an analysis of the input,the second box showsthe approaches used by the researcher: reader – response approach, biographical approach,formalistic approach, sociological approach and moral/ philosophical approachtreated as throughput. The result of the analysis is shown in thelast box whichis theValues,treated as output.` {draw:line} {draw:line} Output Figure 1. Paradigm ofthe study Statement of the...