FINAL CHEMISTRY STUDY GUIDE
Chapter 1: Chemistry – The Study of Matter and the Changes It Undergoes
1.1 = Types of Matter
Matter
Matter
Mixtures
Pure Substances
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Element
Compound
(course) = you can differentiate different parts (visually/with a microscope)
(Solution) - can't differentiate
Just a pure, simple element such as Gold or Carbon
Contains more than one element. A compound is 2 or more different elements chemically bonded together, such as NaCl. Always contain elements in same mass percentages.
To separate mixtures:
Filtration = to separate heterogeneous mixtures
Distillation = to separate homogeneous mixtures
Chromatography = to separate volatile gasses
1.2 = Measurements
Metric Prefixes
106 = Mega (M)
103 = Kilo (k)
102 = hecto (h)
101 = deka (d)
10-1 = Deci (d)
10-2 = centi (c)
10-3 = milli (m)
10-6 = micro ()
10-9 = nano (n)
10-12 = pico (p)
Precision = basically how many decimal places your measurement has (eg. 4.125 is more precise than 4.1)
Accuracy = how well your measurement agrees with right/defined answer
Significant Digits:
Non-Zero digits are significant!
Zeros:
Leading Zeros = not significant = 0.00025 (only 2 and 5 are significant)
Captive Zeros = are significant = 1.008 or 1105, in both all numb. are sig
Trailing Zeros = When number does not have decimal (150) = not significant, but when number does (1.0500), trailing zeros are significant
Exact Numbers = have no significant value meaning
Can be counted = (5 pennies)
If defined = 12 inches in a foot, 2.54 cm in an inch
Addition/Subtraction
Result can only contain as many decimal places as number with least amount of decimal places
Multiplication/Division
Result can only have as many significant digits as number with least amount of significant digits. (501*25 = 12500 but = 1.3x104 because 25 only has 2 sigs)
Important Conversions To Remember:
ToF = (9/5*ToC) + 32o
ToC =...