Intro To Criminal Justice – Exam Number: 40609400
PART A:
1. The Chicago School used ecology as an analogy to explain the causes of crime by comparing crime rates to their associated environments. Such as in ecology we might study plants and animals and how their environments effect them, the Chicago School studied the crime rates in different neighborhoods and how the specific neighborhood characteristics play a factor in the crime rates. As you would imagine, what they found was that areas high in delinquency were areas that were considered to be “socially disorganized”.
Chicago School theorists defined social disorganization as the condition in which the usual controls over delinquents are largely absent.; delinquent behavior is often approved by parents and neighbors; there are many opportunities for delinquent behavior; and there is little encouragement, training or opportunity for legitimate employment.
2. Cesare Beccaria believed more in crime prevention than in punishment; that deterrence was the one true purpose of punishment. Cesare believed that there were two types of deterrence; specific deterrence and general deterrence. Specific deterrence was directed toward the criminal; that the punishment would deter said person from repeating the criminal act a second time. General deterrence would be directed toward the general population; so that the punishment endured by the criminal would make the rest of the public desire to not commit said crime.
Cesare believed that the way to be successful in deterrence was to establish a social contract and punish the people who break the contract. In order to achieve this goal, Cesare made known that punishments MUST be “public, prompt, necessary, the least possible in given circumstances, proportionate to the crime, dictated by the laws.”
3. If a prosecutor finds that a suspect is chargeable, a charging document must be created. There are three different types of charging documents;...